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pandoc:linux-wochen-wien:linux-101:linux-101 [2017/10/18 11:42] – Pandoc Auto-commit pandoc | pandoc:linux-wochen-wien:linux-101:linux-101 [2020/10/20 08:09] – Pandoc Auto-commit pandoc | ||
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====== History ====== | ====== History ====== | ||
- | ==== Unix --- Linux' | + | ==== Unix — Linux’ predecessor ==== |
- | > Unix is from the '70s: | + | > Unix is from the ’70s: |
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==== GNU ==== | ==== GNU ==== | ||
- | {{pandoc: | + | {{..: |
> In 1984 RMS starts the **GNU** project, with the goal to provide a **free Unix**-compatible OS | > In 1984 RMS starts the **GNU** project, with the goal to provide a **free Unix**-compatible OS | ||
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* Write a license (GPL) | * Write a license (GPL) | ||
* respect the freedom of the users | * respect the freedom of the users | ||
- | * endorse | + | * endorse |
* make the license transitive | * make the license transitive | ||
* Write an Editor (emacs) | * Write an Editor (emacs) | ||
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- | > Even though this project gets mocked for hurd, it is essential for Linux' | + | > Even though this project gets mocked for hurd, it is essential for Linux’ success! |
==== Linux ==== | ==== Linux ==== | ||
- | {{pandoc: | + | {{..: |
> In 1992 Linus Torvalds writes his own little **terminal emulator**, to be able to remotely access his university account. | > In 1992 Linus Torvalds writes his own little **terminal emulator**, to be able to remotely access his university account. | ||
- | > Later this code evolves into the **Linux kernel**, that together with many **GNU utilities** becomes **GNU/ | + | > Later this code evolves into the **Linux kernel**, that together with many **GNU utilities** becomes **GNU/ |
- | ^Segment | + | ^Segment |
- | |Desktop | + | |Desktop |
- | |Smartphone / Tablet| | + | |Smartphone / Tablet| |
- | |Server | + | |Server |
- | |**Supercomputer** | + | |**Supercomputer** |
- | |Mainframe | + | |Mainframe |
- | |Embedded | + | |Embedded |
==== Linux on Supercomputers ==== | ==== Linux on Supercomputers ==== | ||
- | {{pandoc: | + | {{..: |
====== Prerequisites ====== | ====== Prerequisites ====== | ||
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* ask for **assistance** //or// | * ask for **assistance** //or// | ||
* **read** up on the subject and **fix it** //and// | * **read** up on the subject and **fix it** //and// | ||
- | * **don't** go on **using** it until it's completly **dead** | + | * **don’t** go on **using** it until it’s completly **dead** |
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> by a show of hands: | > by a show of hands: | ||
- | {{pandoc: | + | {{..: |
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* relative: '' | * relative: '' | ||
- special objects in directories: | - special objects in directories: | ||
- | * '' | + | * '' |
- | * '' | + | * '' |
- the system may consist of multiple filesystems | - the system may consist of multiple filesystems | ||
* filesystems may be mounted at any (empty) directory | * filesystems may be mounted at any (empty) directory | ||
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==== FHS intro ==== | ==== FHS intro ==== | ||
- | {{pandoc: | + | {{..: |
==== FHS ==== | ==== FHS ==== | ||
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|**/ | |**/ | ||
|**/ | |**/ | ||
- | |**/home/** |users' | + | |**/home/** |users’ home direcories are located here | |
|**/ | |**/ | ||
|**/ | |**/ | ||
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|**/ | |**/ | ||
|**/ | |**/ | ||
- | |**/ | + | |**/ |
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==== Corner cases of FHS ==== | ==== Corner cases of FHS ==== | ||
- | > Some systems don't comply with the FHS, for various reasons. | + | > Some systems don’t comply with the FHS, for various reasons. |
=== VSC3 === | === VSC3 === | ||
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<hr style=" | <hr style=" | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | {{pandoc: | + | {{..: |
< | < | ||
</ | </ | ||
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> This is how the prompt looks by default: | > This is how the prompt looks by default: | ||
- | {{pandoc: | + | {{..: |
<code bash> | <code bash> | ||
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* tells you: | * tells you: | ||
* who you are | * who you are | ||
- | * which computer you're on | + | * which computer you’re on |
- | * which directory you're in | + | * which directory you’re in |
* can be configured | * can be configured | ||
* variable '' | * variable '' | ||
* default: '' | * default: '' | ||
- | > Ways to get help when you're stuck: | + | > Ways to get help when you’re stuck: |
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* Every command that is executed will provide a return-value on exit. | * Every command that is executed will provide a return-value on exit. | ||
- | * {{pandoc: | + | * {{..: |
- | * {{pandoc: | + | * {{..: |
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* the most important patterns are: | * the most important patterns are: | ||
- | * **?** --- matches one character | + | * **?** — matches one character |
- | * ***** --- matches any character sequence | + | * ***** — matches any character sequence |
* the most important expansions are: | * the most important expansions are: | ||
- | * **A{1, | + | * **A{1, |
- | * **A{1..9}Z** | + | * **A{1..9}Z** |
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* is dangerous | * is dangerous | ||
- which is an aggregate of many other commands | - which is an aggregate of many other commands | ||
- | * but you don't want to write a script | + | * but you don’t want to write a script |
you can define an alias for it: | you can define an alias for it: | ||
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==== History ==== | ==== History ==== | ||
- | {{pandoc: | + | {{..: |
> Your shell keeps a log of all the commands you executed. | > Your shell keeps a log of all the commands you executed. | ||
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$PATH # program paths, in priority order | $PATH # program paths, in priority order | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | > if you're aiming for programming, | + | > if you’re aiming for programming, |
<code python> | <code python> | ||
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</ | </ | ||
- | {{pandoc: | + | {{..: |
^command | ^command | ||
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</ | </ | ||
- | {{pandoc: | + | {{..: |
==== Copying & moving files around ==== | ==== Copying & moving files around ==== | ||
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</ | </ | ||
- | {{pandoc: | + | {{..: |
==== Finding stuff ==== | ==== Finding stuff ==== | ||
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</ | </ | ||
- | {{pandoc: | + | {{..: |
==== Recap ==== | ==== Recap ==== | ||
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nfs04.ib.cluster:/ | nfs04.ib.cluster:/ | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | > we do this often, let's wrap it up! | + | > we do this often, let’s wrap it up! |
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nfs04.ib.cluster:/ | nfs04.ib.cluster:/ | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | > we do this often, let's wrap it up! | + | > we do this often, let’s wrap it up! |
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</ | </ | ||
- | > Don't we have an OS, capable of executing everything it recognises as a executable? | + | > Don’t we have an OS, capable of executing everything it recognises as a executable? |
> Yes, we do! | > Yes, we do! | ||
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=== Arguments === | === Arguments === | ||
- | > This isn't good, as were only getting a fixed amount of numbers. let's try a recursive approach | + | > This isn’t good, as were only getting a fixed amount of numbers. let’s try a recursive approach |
<code bash> | <code bash> | ||
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==== Nano ==== | ==== Nano ==== | ||
- | {{pandoc: | + | {{..: |
==== Nano explained ==== | ==== Nano explained ==== | ||
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|Actual editing| | |Actual editing| | ||
|Cut/Paste line| '' | |Cut/Paste line| '' | ||
- | |... | explained in key bindings field | | + | |… | explained in key bindings field | |
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- | {{pandoc: | + | {{..: |
==== Vi(m) ==== | ==== Vi(m) ==== | ||
- | {{pandoc: | + | {{..: |
==== Vi(m) explained ==== | ==== Vi(m) explained ==== | ||
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=== Usage === | === Usage === | ||
- | > This is a multimode editor, you'll have to switch modes whenever you change what you want to do. | + | > This is a multimode editor, you’ll have to switch modes whenever you change what you want to do. |
^Feature | ^Feature | ||
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|Writing | |Writing | ||
|Commands | |Commands | ||
- | |... | | + | |… | |
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> Use this editor if you like a challenge.\\ | > Use this editor if you like a challenge.\\ | ||
- | > It is fast and very nice --- but you'll sometimes get hurt on the way. | + | > It is fast and very nice — but you’ll sometimes get hurt on the way. |
- | * Auto-indentation, | + | * Auto-indentation, |
* File/ | * File/ | ||
* Use a plugin manager | * Use a plugin manager | ||
- | {{pandoc: | + | {{..: |
==== Vi(m) modes and keys ==== | ==== Vi(m) modes and keys ==== | ||
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* after saving: **'' | * after saving: **'' | ||
* without confirmation: | * without confirmation: | ||
- | * **help**: **'' | + | * **help**: **'' |
* **search and replace**: **'' | * **search and replace**: **'' | ||
* //default mode//: | * //default mode//: | ||
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==== Fin ==== | ==== Fin ==== | ||
- | {{pandoc: | + | {{..: |