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pandoc:linux-wochen-wien:linux-101:linux-101 [2018/01/31 11:14] – Pandoc Auto-commit pandocpandoc:linux-wochen-wien:linux-101:linux-101 [2020/10/20 08:09] – Pandoc Auto-commit pandoc
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 ====== History ====== ====== History ======
  
-==== Unix --- Linux' predecessor ====+==== Unix — Linux’ predecessor ====
  
-> Unix is from the '70s:+> Unix is from the ’70s:
  
  
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 ==== GNU ==== ==== GNU ====
  
-{{pandoc:linux-wochen-wien:linux-101:linux-101:gnu.svg?0x200}}+{{..:gnu.svg?0x200}}
  
 > In 1984 RMS starts the **GNU** project, with the goal to provide a **free Unix**-compatible OS > In 1984 RMS starts the **GNU** project, with the goal to provide a **free Unix**-compatible OS
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   * Write a license (GPL)   * Write a license (GPL)
     * respect the freedom of the users     * respect the freedom of the users
-    * endorse 'sharing is caring'+    * endorse ‘sharing is caring’
     * make the license transitive     * make the license transitive
   * Write an Editor (emacs)   * Write an Editor (emacs)
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-> Even though this project gets mocked for hurd, it is essential for Linux' success!+> Even though this project gets mocked for hurd, it is essential for Linux’ success!
  
  
 ==== Linux ==== ==== Linux ====
  
-{{pandoc:linux-wochen-wien:linux-101:linux-101:gnu_tux.svg?0x220}}+{{..:gnu_tux.svg?0x220}}
  
 > In 1992 Linus Torvalds writes his own little **terminal emulator**, to be able to remotely access his university account. > In 1992 Linus Torvalds writes his own little **terminal emulator**, to be able to remotely access his university account.
  
-> Later this code evolves into the **Linux kernel**, that together with many **GNU utilities** becomes **GNU/Linux** --- a.k.a Linux+> Later this code evolves into the **Linux kernel**, that together with many **GNU utilities** becomes **GNU/Linux** — a.k.a Linux
  
  
-^Segment            ^              Linux variant              ^  Market share ([[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usage_share_of_operating_systems#Market_share_by_category|Source]])^ +^Segment            ^             Linux variant             ^  Market share ([[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usage_share_of_operating_systems#Market_share_by_category|Source]])^ 
-|Desktop            |      Debian / Fedora / Arch / ...       |                                                                                                                ~2%| +|Desktop            |      Debian / Fedora / Arch / …       |                                                                                                                ~2%| 
-|Smartphone / Tablet|                 Android                 |                                                                                                               ~70%| +|Smartphone / Tablet|                Android                |                                                                                                               ~70%| 
-|Server             |  Debian / RHEL / Gentoo / ... / CUSTOM  |                                                                                                               ~65%| +|Server             |  Debian / RHEL / Gentoo / … / CUSTOM  |                                                                                                               ~65%| 
-|**Supercomputer**  |           **CentOS** / CUSTOM           |                                                                                                               ~99%| +|**Supercomputer**  |          **CentOS** / CUSTOM          |                                                                                                               ~99%| 
-|Mainframe          |               RHEL / SLES               |                                                                                                               ~30%| +|Mainframe          |              RHEL / SLES              |                                                                                                               ~30%| 
-|Embedded           |              Android / ...              |                                                                                                               ~30%|+|Embedded           |              Android / …              |                                                                                                               ~30%|
  
  
 ==== Linux on Supercomputers ==== ==== Linux on Supercomputers ====
  
-{{pandoc:linux-wochen-wien:linux-101:linux-101:os_supercomputers.svg}}+{{..:os_supercomputers.svg}}
  
 ====== Prerequisites ====== ====== Prerequisites ======
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   * ask for **assistance** //or//   * ask for **assistance** //or//
   * **read** up on the subject and **fix it** //and//   * **read** up on the subject and **fix it** //and//
-  * **don't** go on **using** it until it's completly **dead**+  * **don’t** go on **using** it until it’s completly **dead**
  
  
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 > by a show of hands: > by a show of hands:
  
-{{pandoc:linux-wochen-wien:linux-101:linux-101:tux.svg?0x500}}+{{..:tux.svg?0x500}}
  
  
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     * relative: ''%%dir2/object%%''     * relative: ''%%dir2/object%%''
   - special objects in directories:   - special objects in directories:
-    * ''%%.%%'' --- is a reference to the directory itself +    * ''%%.%%'' — is a reference to the directory itself 
-    * ''%%..%%'' --- is a reference to the parent directory+    * ''%%..%%'' — is a reference to the parent directory
   - the system may consist of multiple filesystems   - the system may consist of multiple filesystems
     * filesystems may be mounted at any (empty) directory     * filesystems may be mounted at any (empty) directory
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 ==== FHS intro ==== ==== FHS intro ====
  
-{{pandoc:linux-wochen-wien:linux-101:linux-101:linux_directories.jpg}}+{{..:linux_directories.jpg}}
  
 ==== FHS ==== ==== FHS ====
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 |**/dev/**  |virtual files, for direct access to devices                          | |**/dev/**  |virtual files, for direct access to devices                          |
 |**/etc/**  |system-wide confidurations - historical, misleading name             | |**/etc/**  |system-wide confidurations - historical, misleading name             |
-|**/home/** |users' home direcories are located here                              |+|**/home/** |users’ home direcories are located here                              |
 |**/lib/**  |library files for ''%%/bin/%%'' ''%%/sbin%%''                        | |**/lib/**  |library files for ''%%/bin/%%'' ''%%/sbin%%''                        |
 |**/media/**|removable media mounts                                               | |**/media/**|removable media mounts                                               |
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 |**/tmp/**  |temporary files, can be removed while booting                        | |**/tmp/**  |temporary files, can be removed while booting                        |
 |**/usr/**  |most higher level applications are inside, looks a lot like ''%%/%%''| |**/usr/**  |most higher level applications are inside, looks a lot like ''%%/%%''|
-|**/var/**  |files that change often (cache/db/log/mail/...)                      |+|**/var/**  |files that change often (cache/db/log/mail/…)                        |
  
  
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 ==== Corner cases of FHS ==== ==== Corner cases of FHS ====
  
-> Some systems don't comply with the FHS, for various reasons.+> Some systems don’t comply with the FHS, for various reasons.
  
 === VSC3 === === VSC3 ===
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 <hr style="clear: both;"> <hr style="clear: both;">
 </HTML> </HTML>
-{{pandoc:linux-wochen-wien:linux-101:linux-101:tango_locked.svg?0x100}} {{pandoc:linux-wochen-wien:linux-101:linux-101:tango_unlocked.svg?0x100}}+{{..:tango_locked.svg?0x100}} {{..:tango_unlocked.svg?0x100}}
 <HTML> <HTML>
 </div> </div>
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 > This is how the prompt looks by default: > This is how the prompt looks by default:
  
-{{pandoc:linux-wochen-wien:linux-101:linux-101:tango_terminal.svg?0x100}}+{{..:tango_terminal.svg?0x100}}
  
 <code bash> <code bash>
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   * tells you:   * tells you:
     * who you are     * who you are
-    * which computer you're on +    * which computer you’re on 
-    * which directory you're in+    * which directory you’re in
   * can be configured   * can be configured
     * variable ''%%$PS1%%''     * variable ''%%$PS1%%''
     * default: ''%%echo $PS1%%''     * default: ''%%echo $PS1%%''
  
-> Ways to get help when you're stuck:+> Ways to get help when you’re stuck:
  
  
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   * Every command that is executed will provide a return-value on exit.   * Every command that is executed will provide a return-value on exit.
-    * {{pandoc:linux-wochen-wien:linux-101:linux-101:tango_ok.png?0x30}} A value of ''%%0%%'' means success +    * {{..:tango_ok.png?0x30}} A value of ''%%0%%'' means success 
-    * {{pandoc:linux-wochen-wien:linux-101:linux-101:tango_cancel.png?0x30}} any other value means failure+    * {{..:tango_cancel.png?0x30}} any other value means failure
  
  
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   * the most important patterns are:   * the most important patterns are:
-    * **?** --- matches one character +    * **?** — matches one character 
-    * ***** --- matches any character sequence+    * ***** — matches any character sequence
   * the most important expansions are:   * the most important expansions are:
-    * **A{1,9}Z** --- expands to A1Z A9Z +    * **A{1,9}Z** — expands to A1Z A9Z 
-    * **A{1..9}Z** --- expands to A1Z A2Z ... A9Z+    * **A{1..9}Z** — expands to A1Z A2Z … A9Z
  
  
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     * is dangerous     * is dangerous
   - which is an aggregate of many other commands   - which is an aggregate of many other commands
-    * but you don't want to write a script+    * but you don’t want to write a script
  
 you can define an alias for it: you can define an alias for it:
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 ==== History ==== ==== History ====
  
-{{pandoc:linux-wochen-wien:linux-101:linux-101:tango_search.svg?0x100}}+{{..:tango_search.svg?0x100}}
  
 > Your shell keeps a log of all the commands you executed. > Your shell keeps a log of all the commands you executed.
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 $PATH              # program paths, in priority order $PATH              # program paths, in priority order
 </code> </code>
-> if you're aiming for programming, these could be more interresting:+> if you’re aiming for programming, these could be more interresting:
  
 <code python> <code python>
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 </code> </code>
  
-{{pandoc:linux-wochen-wien:linux-101:linux-101:linux_directories.jpg?0x400}}+{{..:linux_directories.jpg?0x400}}
  
 ^command               ^                                  result^ ^command               ^                                  result^
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 </code> </code>
  
-{{pandoc:linux-wochen-wien:linux-101:linux-101:linux_directories.jpg?0x400}}+{{..:linux_directories.jpg?0x400}}
  
 ==== Copying & moving files around ==== ==== Copying & moving files around ====
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 </code> </code>
  
-{{pandoc:linux-wochen-wien:linux-101:linux-101:screenshot_mv.png?0x350}} {{pandoc:linux-wochen-wien:linux-101:linux-101:screenshot_cp.png?0x350}}+{{..:screenshot_mv.png?0x350}} {{..:screenshot_cp.png?0x350}}
  
 ==== Finding stuff ==== ==== Finding stuff ====
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 </code> </code>
  
-{{pandoc:linux-wochen-wien:linux-101:linux-101:screenshot_df.png?0x440}}+{{..:screenshot_df.png?0x440}}
  
 ==== Recap ==== ==== Recap ====
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 nfs04.ib.cluster:/e/lv54321   1000G  979G   22G  98% /home/lv54321 nfs04.ib.cluster:/e/lv54321   1000G  979G   22G  98% /home/lv54321
 </code> </code>
-> we do this often, let's wrap it up!+> we do this often, let’s wrap it up!
  
  
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 nfs04.ib.cluster:/e/lv54321   1000G  979G   22G  98% /home/lv54321 nfs04.ib.cluster:/e/lv54321   1000G  979G   22G  98% /home/lv54321
 </code> </code>
-> we do this often, let's wrap it up!+> we do this often, let’s wrap it up!
  
  
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 </code> </code>
  
-> Don't we have an OS, capable of executing everything it recognises as a executable?+> Don’t we have an OS, capable of executing everything it recognises as a executable?
  
 > Yes, we do! > Yes, we do!
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 === Arguments === === Arguments ===
  
-> This isn't good, as were only getting a fixed amount of numbers. let's try a recursive approach+> This isn’t good, as were only getting a fixed amount of numbers. let’s try a recursive approach
  
 <code bash> <code bash>
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 ==== Nano ==== ==== Nano ====
  
-{{pandoc:linux-wochen-wien:linux-101:linux-101:screenshot_nano.png}}+{{..:screenshot_nano.png}}
  
 ==== Nano explained ==== ==== Nano explained ====
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 |Actual editing|         Typing text, as usual         | |Actual editing|         Typing text, as usual         |
 |Cut/Paste line|  ''%%<CTRL>%%''+k / ''%%<CTRL>%%''+u  | |Cut/Paste line|  ''%%<CTRL>%%''+k / ''%%<CTRL>%%''+u  |
-|...           |    explained in key bindings field    |+|…             |    explained in key bindings field    |
  
  
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-{{pandoc:linux-wochen-wien:linux-101:linux-101:screenshot_nano.png?0x300}}+{{..:screenshot_nano.png?0x300}}
  
 ==== Vi(m) ==== ==== Vi(m) ====
  
-{{pandoc:linux-wochen-wien:linux-101:linux-101:screenshot_vim.png}}+{{..:screenshot_vim.png}}
  
 ==== Vi(m) explained ==== ==== Vi(m) explained ====
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 === Usage === === Usage ===
  
-> This is a multimode editor, you'll have to switch modes whenever you change what you want to do.+> This is a multimode editor, you’ll have to switch modes whenever you change what you want to do.
  
 ^Feature   ^                    Usage                    ^ ^Feature   ^                    Usage                    ^
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 |Writing   |  change to input mode, then write as usual  | |Writing   |  change to input mode, then write as usual  |
 |Commands  |     exit current mode, press ''%%:%%''      | |Commands  |     exit current mode, press ''%%:%%''      |
-|...       |           explained on next slide           |+|…         |           explained on next slide           |
  
  
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 > Use this editor if you like a challenge.\\ > Use this editor if you like a challenge.\\
-> It is fast and very nice --- but you'll sometimes get hurt on the way.+> It is fast and very nice — but you’ll sometimes get hurt on the way.
  
-  * Auto-indentation, Syntax highlighting, Multi-buffer -- just like nano+  * Auto-indentation, Syntax highlighting, Multi-buffer – just like nano
   * File/Project Management   * File/Project Management
   * Use a plugin manager   * Use a plugin manager
  
  
-{{pandoc:linux-wochen-wien:linux-101:linux-101:screenshot_vim.png?0x300}}+{{..:screenshot_vim.png?0x300}}
  
 ==== Vi(m) modes and keys ==== ==== Vi(m) modes and keys ====
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       * after saving: **''%%q%%''**       * after saving: **''%%q%%''**
       * without confirmation: **''%%q!%%''**       * without confirmation: **''%%q!%%''**
-    * **help**: **''%%h [topic]%%''**, e.g. **''%%h tutorial%%''**+    * **help**: **''%%h [topic]%%''**, e.g. **''%%h tutorial%%''**
     * **search and replace**: **''%%%s/old/new/gc%%''**     * **search and replace**: **''%%%s/old/new/gc%%''**
   * //default mode//:   * //default mode//:
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 ==== Fin ==== ==== Fin ====
  
-{{pandoc:linux-wochen-wien:linux-101:linux-101:tux_banner.png?0x600}}+{{..:tux_banner.png?0x600}}
  
  
  • pandoc/linux-wochen-wien/linux-101/linux-101.txt
  • Last modified: 2020/10/20 09:13
  • by pandoc